Answer the Following Questions

question 77

Multiple Choice

Answer the following questions :
-perfectionism

• A)Word coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835 to describe Americans as people no longer bound by social attachments to classes,castes,associations,and families.
• B)A series of evangelical Protestant revivals extending from the 1810s to the 1830s which prompted thousands of conversion and widespread optimism about Americans' capacity for progress and reform.
• C)A web of reform organizations,heavily Whig in their political orientation,built by evangelical Protestant men and women influenced by the Second Great Awakening.
• D)A literary explosion during the 1840s inspired in part by Emerson's ideas on the liberation of the individual.
• E)A European philosophy that rejected the ordered rationality of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment,embracing human passion,spiritual quest,and self-knowledge.Romanticism strongly influenced American Transcendentalism.
• F)A nineteenth-century American intellectual movement that posited the importance of an ideal world of mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the immediate grasp of the senses.Influenced by Romanticism,writers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau called for the critical examination of society and emphasized individuality,self-reliance,and nonconformity.
• G)Communities founded by reformers and Transcendentalists to help realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from the competition of modern industrial society.
• H)A system of social and economic organization proposed by French thinker Charles Fourier,which was based on common ownership of goods and shared labor by members of a community.A number of nineteenth-century American utopian communities tried to put Fourierist principles into practice.
• I)Christian movement of the 1830s that believed people could achieve moral perfection in their earthly lives because the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred.
• J)Founded by Joseph Smith in 1830.After Smith's death at the hands of an angry mob,Brigham Young led many followers of Mormonism to lands in present-day Utah in 1846.
• K)The practice of men taking multiple wives,which Mormon prophet Joseph Smith argued was biblically sanctioned and divinely ordained as a family system.
• L)Sensational and popular urban newspapers that built large circulations by reporting crime and scandals.
• M)Popular theatrical entertainment begun around 1830,in which white actors in blackface presented comic routines that combined racist caricature and social criticism.
• N)Organizations in northern free black communities that sought to help community members and work against racial discrimination,inequality,and political slavery.
• O)Church founded in 1816 by African Americans who were discriminated against by white Protestants.The church spread across the Northeast and Midwest and even founded a few congregations in the slave states of Missouri,Kentucky,Louisiana,and South Carolina.
• P)The social reform movement to end slavery immediately and without compensation that began in the United States in the 1830s.
• Q)The first interracial social justice movement in the United States,which advocated the immediate,unconditional end of slavery on the basis of human rights,without compensation to slave masters.
• R)An informal network of whites and free blacks in the South that assisted fugitive slaves to reach freedom in the North.
• S)A procedure in the House of Representatives from 1836 to 1844 by which antislavery petitions were automatically tabled when they were received so that they could not become the subject of debate.
• T)An antislavery political party that ran its first presidential candidate in 1844,controversially challenging both the Democrats and Whigs.
• U)An organization led by middle-class Christian women who viewed prostitutes as victims of male lust and sought to expose their male customers while "rescuing" sex workers and encouraging them to pursue respectable trades.
• V)A middle-class ideal of "separate spheres" which celebrated women's special mission as homemakers,wives,and mothers who exercised a Christian influence on their families and communities,but which excluded women from professional careers,politics,and civic life.
• W)Laws enacted between 1839 and 1860 in New York and other states that permitted married women to own,inherit,and bequeath property.
• X)The first women's rights convention in the United States.Held in New York in 1848,it resulted in a manifesto extending to women the egalitarian republican ideology of the Declaration of Independence.

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Definitions:

Common Stock

Equity ownership in a corporation, with voting rights and potential for dividends.

Dividend

A distribution of profits by a company to its shareholders, typically in the form of a payment.

Cumulative Preferred Stock

Preferred stock where dividends accumulate if not paid as scheduled, needing to be fulfilled before common stock dividends.

Common Stock

A type of security that represents ownership in a corporation, giving shareholders voting rights and a claim on profits in the form of dividends.