When President Harry Truman Said That He Wanted to Find

question 189

Multiple Choice

When President Harry Truman said that he wanted to find a one-armed economist because his economic advisors always said, "On the one hand... and on the other hand... " he recognized that the advice of economists is often open to more than one interpretation. Why is this?

• A)​Economists cannot make up their minds on policy matters.
• B)​Economists agree with each other on all policy issues.
• C)​Economists are aware that tradeoffs are involved in most policy questions.
• D)​Economists are often unable to identify the critical questions involved in policy issues.

Identify and describe the effects of positive and negative reinforcement in operant conditioning.

Explain the concept of shaping and its application in learning behaviors.

Understand the psychological concept of learned helplessness and its impact on behavior.

Recognize the role of discriminative stimuli in signaling the availability of reinforcement.

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Definitions:

Federal Income Taxes

Taxes levied by the United States federal government on the annual earnings of individuals, corporations, trusts, and other legal entities.

Social Security Taxes

Taxes collected by the government from employees and employers to fund the Social Security program, which provides retirement, disability, and survivorship benefits.