Examlex
Which of the following is not included in GDP calculations?
M&M II
The second proposition by Modigliani and Miller which states that in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs, and asymmetric information, and in an efficient market, the value of a levered firm is equal to the value of an unlevered firm plus the present value of the tax shields due to debt.
Pre-Tax Cost
Pre-Tax Cost refers to the expense or cost a company incurs before any taxes are deducted.
Debt-Equity Ratio
A financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholder's equity and debt used to finance a company's assets.
Weighted Average
A mathematical calculation that takes into account the varying degrees of importance of the numbers in a data set, providing a measure that reflects the relative importance of each value.
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