Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Testing Represent Fundamentally Different

question 10

Essay

Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced testing represent fundamentally different
ways of measuring student performance.Define norm-referenced and criterion-referenced testing and describe three advantages and disadvantages of each?

Recognize the role of learned needs in motivation.

Understand the fundamental concepts of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and its division into deficiency and growth needs.

Recognize the differences in motivation theories, including Maslow's needs hierarchy, McClelland's learned needs model, and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model.

Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors as per Herzberg’s model.

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Definitions:

External Factors

Elements outside an organization or system that can influence its performance or outcomes, such as economic conditions, competition, or legal requirements.

Internal Factors

Elements within an organization or individual that can influence outcomes, such as employee morale, technology, and operational capabilities.

Contrast

The difference or distinction between two or more entities, highlighted by comparing their features or qualities.

External Factor

Refers to any influence, condition, or variable that exists outside of an organization and can affect its performance and strategies.