Exhibit 20.11.A wine magazine wants to know if chefs can tell the difference between duck liver pate and wet dog food.Eighteen chefs were asked to rate both the pate and dog food on a scale from 1 to 5,with 1 corresponding to "inedible" and 5 to "very tasty".The results are shown in the following table. 
Refer to Exhibit 20.11.The estimate of the population proportion of plus signs is:
Definitions:
Shares Outstanding
The total number of a company's shares of stock that are owned by shareholders, including both public investors and corporate insiders.
Retained Earnings
Retained earnings are the cumulative amount of net income left over for a company after it has paid out dividends to its shareholders, reinvested in the business, or used to pay off debt.
Treasury Stock
Shares that were issued and later reacquired by the corporation, reducing the number of outstanding shares in the market.
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