Find the Exact Value of Each Expression, If It Is $\cos ^ { - 1 } ( - 1 )$

question 37

Essay

Find the exact value of each expression, if it is defined.
(a) $\cos ^ { - 1 } ( - 1 )$
(b) $\sin ^ { - 1 } ( - 1 )$
(c) $\tan ^ { - 1 } ( - 1 )$

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Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

A learning strategy in which the level of a specific behavior is adjusted using incentivization or penal measures.

Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, it is a consequence that strengthens an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through association with a primary reinforcer, such as money being valued due to its ability to purchase food.

Reinforcer

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response or increases the likelihood that it will happen again.