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In a competitive market with a negative externality, firms produce an
Internal Rate
Often related to the internal rate of return (IRR), it's a metric used in financial analysis to estimate the profitability of potential investments.
Time Value
The theory that money today is more valuable than the same quantity in the future, due to its potential to accumulate additional value.
Profitability Index
A financial tool that calculates the ratio between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of initial investment, often used in capital budgeting.
Net Present Value
The difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time, used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment.
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