John Conducted an Experiment to Test the Effectiveness of a Smoking

question 13

Multiple Choice

John conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program.The experiment took place over a one-month time period.Participants in the control group and the experimental group (those who participated in the smoking cessation program) recorded the number of cigarettes that they smoked each day.John was unaware that "national stop-smoking week" also happened to take place during the one-month time period of his experiment.John's experiment is now confounded by

• A)maturation.
• B)history.
• C)regression to the mean.
• D)mortality.

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Definitions:

Profile Plot

A graphical representation of the interaction patterns between treatments and quantitative measurements across various conditions or time points.

P-value

The chance that test outcomes as extreme as or more than the observed results will occur, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Interaction

In statistics, the effect of two or more variables is not simply additive, meaning their combined effect is different from what would be expected based on their separate effects.

Step-aerobics

A form of aerobic exercise involving stepping up and down on a stationary block in different patterns and intensities.