Many Americans Complain About Being Sleep Deprived

question 9

Multiple Choice

Many Americans complain about being sleep deprived. A team of psychologists researched the reasons for this sleep deprivation. After determining that one reason was poor time management, they devised a program to help people manage their time better. They recruited a random sample of 30 people at a major shopping center and randomly split them into three groups of size 10. Group 1 (the controls) received a logbook asking them to record the number of hours slept for a week but nothing else. Group 2 (the informed group) was shown a video to help improve time management. Group 3 (the intervention) participated in a two-2 day training course on improving time management. Groups 2 and 3 were also asked to keep records for one week on the number of hours slept. The psychologists were interested in learning if providing information or an intervention affects sleep time. They are going to test H₀: _C = _IG = _IV versus the alternative:

• A)H_a:  _C   _IG   _IV.
• B)H_a:  _C   _IG or  _IG   _IV.
• C)H_a:  _C   _IG =  _IV.
• D)H_a: at least one of  _C   _IG or  _IG   _IV or  _C   _IV or  _C   _IG   _IV holds.

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Definitions:

Total Variable Costs

The total of all costs that vary with the level of production or output.

Fixed Costs

Costs that do not change with the level of output or business activity, such as rent, salaries, or loan payments.

Marginal Costs

The extra cost incurred for producing one additional unit of a product or service.

Producer Surplus

The difference between what producers are willing to accept for a good or service versus what they actually receive, often illustrated by the area above the supply curve and below the market price.