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What Is a Backward Vertical Merger

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What is a backward vertical merger?


Definitions:

Alveolates

Protists that have alveoli, flattened vesicles located just inside the plasma membrane; include the dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates. See chromalveolates; compare with stramenopiles.

Contractile Vacuoles

Organelles found in certain unicellular organisms responsible for expelling excess water from the cell to maintain osmotic balance.

Flattened Vesicles

Flattened, membrane-bound sacs found within cells, often involved in the transport and processing of cellular materials.

Chromalveolates

A supergroup composed of diverse protists with few shared characters; most are photosynthetic, and heterotrophic chromalveolates, such as the water molds and ciliates, probably descended from autotrophic ancestors. Divided into two main groups; see alveolates and stramenopiles.

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