Critics of Kohlberg's Theory Have Asserted That Reasoning About Hypothetical

question 60

Multiple Choice

Critics of Kohlberg's theory have asserted that reasoning about hypothetical moral problems in an advanced way is not the same as behaving morally. Furthermore, critics have also argued that reasoning about hypothetical life-and-death situations does not tell us very much about the ways people reason in day-to-day problems. What has recent research studies addressing these concerns found?

• A) These critics are correct in noting that there is little relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior.
• B) Research has indicated that people reason about life-and-death dilemmas in ways that parallel their reasoning about moral dilemmas they encounter in their daily lives. Also, in general, an individual's moral reasoning is indeed related to an individual's moral behavior.
• C) People who reason at higher stages of moral thought are more tolerant of others' misbehavior; however, the way people reasoning about abstract, hypothetical situations is not related to the ways that people actually behave in real life day-to-day problems.
• D) Research has indicated that people who reason at higher stages do not necessarily behave in more moral ways; however, the reasoning behind life-and-death dilemmas is absolutely the same as the reasoning behind the problems that people encounter in everyday life.

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Definitions:

Unregulated Cell Division

Abnormal cell growth that can lead to tumors and cancer, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells.

First Messenger

A signaling molecule that binds to a receptor on the surface of a cell, triggering a sequence of events within the cell.

Second Messenger

is a molecule inside cells that acts to transmit signals from a receptor to a target within the cell, such as cAMP or calcium ions.

Growth Factor

A naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.