Examlex
In which of the following circumstances would a CPA be ethically bound to refrain from disclosing any confidential client information?
Cramér's V
A measure of association between two nominal variables, indicating the strength of their relationship.
Effect Size
A quantitative measure of the strength of a phenomenon or the magnitude of a difference in a statistical analysis.
Cramér's V
A measure of association between two nominal variables, giving a value between 0 and 1 to indicate the strength of association.
Null Hypothesis
A statement that assumes no effect or no difference in a statistical hypothesis test, serving as a default or starting assumption.
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