Sandra Is a Witness to a Bank Robbery

question 3

Multiple Choice

Sandra is a witness to a bank robbery.When asked to identify the culprit in a lineup,she brings her friend Tom with her.After Sandra identified the culprit,Tom says the guy she identified really stood out;he looked meaner and tougher than the rest of the people in the lineup.It seems,perhaps,that Sandra's identification could have been tainted by

• A)photo bias.
• B)the misinformation effect.
• C)the inadequate functional size of the lineup.
• D)the fact that a show-up procedure was used.

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