From the data given below, calculate the Retained Earnings balance of December 31, 2016. 
Prepare the retained earning portion of a statement of changes in stockholders' equity for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Definitions:
Ritualism
The excessive or inappropriate repetition of rituals, typically seen in religious or cultural practices but can also reflect certain psychiatric conditions.
Primary Dentition
Refers to the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many animals, also known as baby or milk teeth.
Primary Dentition
The first set of teeth in the human dentition cycle, also known as baby or milk teeth, typically includes 20 teeth.
Sphincter Control
The ability to regulate the muscles that close and open passages in the body, crucial for bowel and bladder management.
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