Evaluate 
where 
is the parallelogram with vertices 
and 
, oriented counterclockwise.
Definitions:
Null Hypothesis
A hypothesis that there is no significant difference or effect in a particular situation, used as a starting point for statistical testing.
Significantly Different
A term used to describe a result in statistical analyses indicating that observed differences or effects are unlikely to have occurred by chance.
Significantly Equal
A term not typically used in statistics; might refer to the concept of achieving statistical significance to claim no difference or equivalence between groups.
T-test
An analytical procedure for assessing if the average scores of two separate groups are significantly dissimilar.
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