Parameterize the circle of radius 
with center 
located in the plane 
.
Definitions:
Distal Convoluted Tubule
A portion of the nephron in the kidney where the final adjustments in urine composition are made, involving selective reabsorption and secretion.
Nephron Loop
A U-shaped part of the nephron in the kidney that extends from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule, playing a crucial role in concentrating urine and conserving water.
Marginal Subcontracting Cost
The additional cost incurred for outsourcing a unit of production or service beyond the regular capacity or capability of the business.
Layoff Cost
The expenses associated with terminating employees, including severance pay, benefits continuation, and costs associated with changing the workforce.
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