When an Argument Is Passed-By-Value, Changes in the Called Function

question 12

Multiple Choice

When an argument is passed-by-value, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable's value; when an argument is passed call-by-reference, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable's value.

• A) Do not, do.
• B) Do not, do not.
• C) Do, do.
• D) Do, do not.

Recognize the impact of different pricing on consumer surplus and utility.

Analyze the concept of consumer rationality in utility theory.

Explain the paradoxes of value (e.g., water-diamond paradox) through marginal utility.

Understand how utility maximization affects consumer demand and market dynamics.

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Definitions:

Niche Construction

the process by which organisms actively modify their environment or create new environments, influencing the selection pressures they and future generations face.

Phenotypic Plasticity

The ability of an organism to modify its phenotype in response to environmental changes, demonstrating the flexibility and adaptability of biological organisms.

Heritability

A measure of the degree to which a variation in a particular trait among individuals in a specific population is related to genetic differences among those individuals.

Coevolution

A process by which two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through natural selection.