In What Cases Are Promises Enforceable Without Consideration

question 18

Essay

In what cases are promises enforceable without consideration?

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Definitions:

Receptor Proteins

Proteins on or within cells that bind to specific molecules like hormones, neurotransmitters, or antigens, initiating a cellular response.

Receptor Lipids

Lipid molecules that reside in cell membranes and have the capability to bind specific ligands, thereby initiating a cellular response.

Otoliths

Small, calcified structures found within the inner ear of vertebrates, aiding in balance and spatial orientation.

Otolithic Membrane

A structure found in the vestibular system of the inner ear, involved in sensing gravity and motion.