Which of the Following Is (Are)not Characteristics of the Pathways

question 70

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is (are) not characteristics of the pathways activated by second messengers?

• A)Each signaling pathway consists of a series of distinct proteins that operate in sequence.
• B)Each protein in the pathway typically acts by altering the conformation of the previous (upstream)protein in the series,an event that activates or inhibits the protein.
• C)Alterations in the conformations of signaling proteins are often accomplished by protein kinases and protein phosphatases that,respectively,add or remove phosphate groups from other proteins.
• D)Some phosphatases and protein kinases in the pathway have numerous proteins as their substrates; others act on only a single protein substrate or a single amino acid of a protein substrate.
• E)Many of the protein substrates of the pathway enzymes are enzymes themselves,like other kinases and phosphatases,but they include ion channels,transcription factors and various regulatory molecules.

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Definitions:

Norms

Unwritten rules and standards that govern the behavior of individuals within a group or society, guiding what is considered acceptable or unacceptable.

Sherif

Muzafer Sherif, a social psychologist known for his work on norm formation, social conformity, and the Robbers Cave Experiment.

Participant Observation

A qualitative research method in which the researcher becomes actively involved in the group or situation being studied.

Whyte

A reference to William H. Whyte, a sociologist noted for his insights on urban environments, organizational analysis, and social behavior.