It Was Long Thought That Cell Differentiation Was Irreversible,i

question 58

Essay

It was long thought that cell differentiation was irreversible,i.e.,once a cell like a fibroblast,a white blood cell or a cartilage cell has differentiated,it could not revert to any other cell type.Surprisingly,this is not the case.Shinya Yamanaka and his colleagues have succeeded in reprogramming a fully differentiated mouse cell,specifically a type of connective tissue fibroblast,into a pluripotent stem cell.How was this stunning feat accomplished? How did they demonstrate that iPS cells were indeed pluripotent?

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Definitions:

Palpitations

A sensation that the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering, or skipping beats, often linked to anxiety, stress, exercise, or certain medical conditions.

Low Self-Esteem

A condition characterized by a lack of confidence and negative views about oneself, impacting mental health and interpersonal relationships.

Situational Low

A temporary decrease in mood or performance, often triggered by specific external situations or stressors.

Chronic Low

A persistent state of deficiency or inadequate level, often relating to health measures such as blood pressure or mood.