Find and Simplify for the Function

question 2

Multiple Choice

Find and simplify for the function.

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Definitions:

Foreign Antigens

Substances from outside the body that can induce an immune response.

Foreign Substances

Materials or particles that are not recognized as part of the body, often invoking an immune response.

MAC

Membrane attack complex (MAC) is a structure formed on the surface of pathogenic bacteria as part of the immune system's response, leading to the lysis of these cells.

Cytokines

A broad category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling, released by cells and affecting the behavior of other cells, and often acting as immunomodulating agents.