Perform the indicated operations and simplify the expression. 
Definitions:
Optimal Amount
The quantity of production or consumption that maximizes efficiency or utility under given constraints.
Median Voter's Preference
A concept in political economy suggesting the outcome of a majority-vote decision process will most closely align with the preferences of the median voter.
Vote With Their Feet
The concept that people show their preferences or dissatisfaction with a situation by leaving an area or opting out of a system.
Free-Rider Problem
A situation where individuals consume more than their fair share of a public resource, or shoulder less of the cost of its production, benefiting from a good without properly paying for it.
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