The Expected Value of the Difference of Two Sample Means

question 141

Multiple Choice

The expected value of the difference of two sample means equals the difference of the corresponding population means when:

• A)the populations are normally distributed.
• B)the samples are independent.
• C)the populations are approximately normal and the sample sizes are large.
• D)All of these choices are true.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A process in behavioral psychology where the removal of an undesirable outcome strengthens the behavior leading to its removal.

Expectations

Beliefs or forecasts about future events, which can significantly influence current behavior and decision-making processes.

Desirable Behaviour

Actions or conduct that are considered advantageous, beneficial, or appropriate according to societal, organizational, or personal standards.

Law of Contingent Reinforcement

This law states that the effectiveness of a reward or punishment in influencing future behavior is contingent upon the behavior being directly linked to the reward or punishment.