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The probability distribution of the error variable is normal,with mean E( )= 0,and standard deviation =1.
Negatively Sloped
A term used in economics to describe a line on a graph that moves downwards from left to right, indicating an inverse relationship between two variables.
Total Surplus
The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus in a market, representing the total benefits to society from trading a good or service.
Consumer Surplus
The difference between the total amount consumers are willing to pay for a good or service versus the total amount they actually pay.
Total Surplus
The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus, representing the total benefit to society from the production and consumption of goods or services.
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