"Tobacco Plants Are Grown in Soils with High-Phosphate Fertilizers That $\alpha$

question 7

Multiple Choice

"Tobacco plants are grown in soils with high-phosphate fertilizers that are naturally contaminated with the alpha-particle emitting radionuclide polonium-210.In one year,the average smoker will irradiate the bronchial epithelium with 8 to 9 rem,the equivalent dose of radiation from 250 to 300 chest X-ray films per year" (Pediatrics,September 1993,p.464) .How many grays is equivalent to 8.5 rem for $\alpha$ particle emission? (RBE for $\alpha$ particles = 20)

• A)43 Gy
• B)0.0043 Gy
• C)1.7 Gy
• D)850 Gy
• E)0.085 Gy

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Definitions:

Attribution Theory

A social psychology theory that explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own and others' behavior, emphasizing the role of belief in understanding the social world.

Situational Attribution

The process of attributing a person's behavior to external causes rather than to internal characteristics.

Dispositional Attribution

The process of attributing behavior to an individual's stable personality traits.

Highly Consistent Behaviours

Actions or reactions that are predictable and stable over time across different situations.