Under Standard Conditions,which of the Following Operations Results in a Spontaneous

question 63

Multiple Choice

Under standard conditions,which of the following operations results in a spontaneous chemical reaction taking place?

• A)A piece of aluminum metal is placed in an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate.
• B)Iodine crystals are added to an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
• C)A piece of silver metal is placed in an aqueous solutions of copper(II)nitrate.
• D)Chlorine gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of sodium bromide.
• E)At least two of the above (A-D)result in a spontaneous chemical reaction.

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Definitions:

Behavior Modification

A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning, including both reinforcement and punishment.

Time-Outs

A disciplinary technique used to remove a child from an environment where inappropriate behavior has occurred, to encourage reflection and calm down.

Successive Approximations

A method used in conditioning and learning in which behaviors are broken down into simpler steps and rewarded progressively as they become closer to the desired behavior.

Shaping

A method used in behavioral psychology to gradually teach new behaviors through the use of reinforcement for successive approximations to the desired behavior.