22) the Majority of Monogenic Defects in Humans That Cause

question 19

True/False

22) The majority of monogenic defects in humans that cause autoimmune diseases are in genes that regulate T cell responses. These include the AIRE, CTLA4, FOXP3, and FAS genes. These findings indicate that B cells and innate immune cells are not important in autoimmunity.

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Definitions:

Striate Cortex

Primary visual cortex (V1) in the occipital lobe; shows stripes (striations) on staining.

Melanopsin

A photopigment found in the retina that plays a key role in regulating circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex by responding to blue light.

Photoreceptor

Specialized retinal neuron that transduces light into neural activity.

Circadian Rhythms

Natural, internal processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and repeat roughly every 24 hours, influencing physical, mental, and behavioral changes.