Infections of Intracellular Pathogens (E

question 2

Multiple Choice

Infections of intracellular pathogens (e.g., mycobacteria, listeria, toxoplasma, viruses, etc.) cause a rise in the numbers of monocytes in the blood, a symptom known as monocytosis. In the cases of these infections, monocytosis is likely caused by:

• A) Increased production of monocytes in the bone marrow induced by T_H1 cytokines
• B) Loss of monocytes into tissues due to inflammation, leading to increased production in the bone marrow
• C) Differentiation of blood monocytes into macrophages, inducing bone marrow production of new monocytes
• D) Sticking of blood monocytes to vessel walls due to integrin binding, reducing the numbers of monocytes in the circulation
• E) Apoptosis of monocytes caused by the toxic effects of the infecting pathogen

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Definitions:

Contradict

to assert the opposite of a statement made by someone, implying disagreement or denial.

Automates

The process of making an operation or procedure carried out without human intervention through the use of mechanical or electronic devices.

Agency

A relationship where one party (the agent) is authorized to act on behalf of another (the principal) in dealing with third parties.

Impossible

A term used to describe a task or condition that cannot realistically be fulfilled or achieved.