Unlike Somatic Hypermutation, Class Switching Occurs in Discrete Sequence Regions

question 16

Multiple Choice

Unlike somatic hypermutation, class switching occurs in discrete sequence regions upstream of the immunoglobulin heavy chain coding sequences (called switch regions) . One key element in directing the enzyme AID to a specific switch region is the opening of the DNA duplex combined with polymerase stalling during active transcription in that region. A second key feature of directing AID to a specific switch region is:

• A) The processed RNA from the switch region guides AID to this site in the DNA
• B) The binding of DNA-PK's to the switch region sequence in the DNA
• C) The presence of double-stranded breaks in the DNA in this region
• D) The binding of AID to the RNA polymerase that is transcribing the switch region
• E) The predominance of G:C base pairs in the switch sequence

Distinguish realistic expectations from misconceptions about the process and outcomes of psychotherapy.

Understand the role of the therapist in guiding clients through decision-making processes without making decisions for them.

Identify side effects associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Understand the ethical boundaries regarding sexual relationships between therapists and clients.

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Definitions:

Impression Formation

The process by which individuals form an overall view about another person based on available sensory and cognitive information.

Attribution

The method individuals use to assign reasons to actions and occurrences, crediting them either to inherent personality traits or to circumstances in the external environment.

Impressions

The initial thoughts or feelings about someone or something based on observed attributes or actions.

Beliefs

Beliefs or acknowledgments in the existence or truth of something, especially without evidence.