Given the Enormous Heterogeneity of Antigen Receptors Expressed on the Populations

question 33

Multiple Choice

Given the enormous heterogeneity of antigen receptors expressed on the populations of naive B and T lymphocytes, the adaptive immune response relies on a process whereby the rare lymphocyte that binds to the antigen is first induced to proliferate, before it can perform its effector function. For B cells, there is a clever mechanism that ensures that the specificity of the antibody secreted by the plasma cell will recognize the same pathogen that initially stimulated the B cell antigen receptor and induced B cell proliferation. This mechanism is:

• A) The naive B cell expresses an array of different B cell antigen receptors, and randomly chooses which specificity of antibody to secrete as a plasma cell.
• B) The naive B cell expresses a single specificity of B cell antigen receptor, and then up-regulates the expression of this receptor so it can bind tightly to the pathogen.
• C) The plasma cell proliferates after it has finished secreting antibody to generate more plasma cells with specificity for the pathogen.
• D) The plasma cell traps secreted antibody molecules in its extracellular matrix and uses these antibodies to bind to the pathogen.
• E) The naive B cell expresses a membrane-bound form of the antibody as a receptor, and secretes that same antibody when it differentiates into a plasma cell.

Understand the controversy and skepticism surrounding DID.

Recognize negative symptoms of schizophrenia and their impact.

Discuss the reasons for the increasing diagnosis of DID.

Explore theories and explanations for the development of dissociative disorders.

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Definitions:

Human Errors

Mistakes made by individuals, often attributed to factors such as misjudgment, lack of attention, or misunderstanding.

Representative Data

Data that accurately reflects the characteristics or behavior of the entire population or phenomenon being studied.

Conventional System

A standard and widely accepted system or method followed in a specific field or environment.

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