Vaccination Against Many Infectious Diseases Has Provided Enormous Benefit in Developed

question 36

Multiple Choice

Vaccination against many infectious diseases has provided enormous benefit in developed countries, leading to the virtual eradication of diseases such as polio, measles, smallpox, and others. However, efforts to create long-lasting vaccines against some viral infections, like Influenza and HIV, have not been successful to date because:

• A) Viruses like HIV and Influenza undergo antigenic variation to evade previous immune responses.
• B) Viruses like HIV and Influenza spread too rapidly in the population for a vaccine to be effective.
• C) Viruses like HIV and Influenza have RNA, rather than DNA genomes, and are resistant to current vaccine strategies.
• D) Viruses like HIV and Influenza infect via mucosal surfaces, a route that is not well protected by current vaccine strategies.
• E) Viruses like HIV and Influenza are transmitted vertically (from mother to child) during fetal development, so babies are infected before they can be vaccinated.

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Definitions:

Physical Appearance

The attributes, features, or characteristics of an individual's body visible to others.

STIs

Sexually Transmitted Infections, diseases that are primarily spread through sexual contact, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites.

Sexually Active Adults

Individuals who engage in sexual behavior or activities, typically referring to those beyond the onset of puberty.

Timing of Menarche

Refers to the age at which a girl experiences her first menstrual period, which can vary widely due to genetic, environmental, and health factors.