When Complement Proteins Are Covalently Deposited onto the Surface of a Bacterium

question 20

Multiple Choice

When complement proteins are covalently deposited onto the surface of a bacterium, this can sometimes lead to direct lysis of the bacterium. However, more commonly, the deposition of complement proteins onto the bacterial surface does not directly harm the bacterium. Instead, these complement proteins aid in bacterial elimination by:

• A) Recruiting antibodies to the bacterial surface, leading the antibody-dependent neutralization
• B) Providing a mechanism for phagocytes to use their Fc receptors to recognize and ingest the bacterium
• C) Cross-linking carbohydrate structures on the bacterial surface, thereby preventing the bacterium from replicating
• D) Stimulating B lymphocytes to produce more antibodies against the bacterium
• E) Providing a mechanism for phagocytes bearing complement receptors to recognize and ingest the bacterium

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Definitions:

Age Discrimination

Unfair treatment of individuals in employment, promotions, or benefits based on their age.

Legitimate Reason

A valid, lawful, or credible reason or justification for an action or decision.

Pretext

A reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason.

Gender Discrimination

Unfair or unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender or sex.