The Immune System Uses Several Types of Effector Modules to Protect

question 18

Essay

The immune system uses several types of effector modules to protect us against different categories of pathogens. Four major types of pathogens are shown in Figure .
a) Which of these categories might be effectively eliminated by innate immune responses that include antimicrobial peptides and phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages? Explain your answer.
b) Which of these categories of pathogenic organisms might be most effectively dealt with by antibodies, if the innate response is insufficient for their eradication?
c) Which of these categories of pathogenic organisms would require T lymphocyte responses for their elimination?

---

Definitions:

Extracurricular Activity

Activities that fall outside the scope of the regular academic curriculum, often involving sports, clubs, or volunteer work, which contribute to a person's education.

Parenting Style

The emotional climate, practices, and behaviors that a parent uses in their child-rearing.

Demands

Requirements or needs that are placed upon an individual by themselves, others, or the environment, which can range from simple tasks to complex responsibilities.

Permissive

A style or approach characterized by a high degree of freedom and leniency, often used to describe parenting or leadership styles.