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i. A typical monthly seasonal index of 107.0 indicates that sales (or whatever the variable is) are 7 percent above the annual average. ii. For a quarterly time series, the initial step, using the ratio-to-moving average method, is to remove the seasonal components from the time series using a 3-month centered moving average.
iii. In the final step, using the ratio-to-moving-average method on quarterly data, the total of the modified means should theoretically be equal to 400 because the average of should be 100.
Under Budget
Refers to a situation where the actual spending is less than the amount that was allocated or anticipated for a specific period or project.
Fixed Budgets
Financial plans that allocate a predetermined amount of resources for a specific period, not allowing for modifications based on actual income or expenses.
Policies and Procedures
Established guidelines and methods of operation that an organization sets to regulate its activities and achieve objectives efficiently and in compliance with legal standards.
Single-use Plans
Specific actions or strategies designed to address a particular problem, goal, or project, and not intended for repeated or continual use.
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