Angela Chou Has Been Asked to Investigate the Determinants of Poverty

question 21

Multiple Choice

Angela Chou has been asked to investigate the determinants of poverty in Ontario communities. She collected data on 60 communities from Statistics Canada. She selected the percentage of poor persons living under the poverty line [Poor (%) ], measured by Low Income Cut-Off, designed by Statistics Canada as a measure of poverty for a community, as the dependent variable. The independent variables selected are percent of single families in each community, the unemployment rate in each community, percent of population in the community holding a bachelor's degree as their highest level of education attained, and percent of population holding a High School Diploma as their highest level of education attained. Given the regression equation Poor (%) = -3.81 + 0.798 Single-Families (%) + 0.624 Unemployment Rate (%) - 0.170 Bachelor's Degree (%) - 0.003 High School (%)
Interpret the numbers 3.81 and 0.798.

• A) As the % of Single Families in an Ontario community increases, the % of poor families increase as well, with a maximum of 3.81% of the population being poor.
• B) As the % of Single Families in an Ontario community increases, the % of poor families decrease.
• C) There are 3.81% poor families and 0.798 Single-Families in Ontario communities.
• D) 3.81 is the y-intercept. When all of the dependent variables have a value of zero, we can expect that 3.81% of the community to be poor. 0.789 indicates that for an extra 0.789% of poor families in a community, we can expect that the % of single families will increase by 1%.
• E) When all of the independent variables have a value of zero, we can expect that -3.81% of the community to be poor, i.e. 0%. The 0.798 indicates that for each extra % of single families in a community, we can expect that the % poor will increase by almost 0.8%.

Analyze the scope and nature of conclusions that can be drawn from experimental studies.

Understand the role of factors and treatments in experimental design.

Identify response variables within a given study and their significance.

Understand the concept of blocking in experimental design and its purposes.

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Definitions:

Stranger Anxiety

A type of discomfort that infants feel when encountering individuals they do not recognize.

Egocentrism

A cognitive bias where an individual is unable to differentiate between their own perspective and that of others, often seen in early childhood development.

Anxious Attachment

A form of insecure attachment characterized by a constant need for reassurance and fear of abandonment.

Avoidant Attachment

A type of attachment style where individuals maintain their distance from others and avoid close emotional bonds.