Water Movement Is Important in Urine Formation in the Kidneys

question 66

Multiple Choice

Water movement is important in urine formation in the kidneys. Urine is formed when the blood is filtered by the kidneys into kidney tubules. Three figures are presented here that relate to how the kidney tubules respond to the administration of the hormone vasopressin. The direction that water flows in these figures is from the kidney tubules back into the blood.
Figure A. Changes in permeability of tubules in the kidney in response to the hormone vasopressin (AVP) , which aids in osmoregulation.
Figure B. Density of aquaporins in kidney tubule cells before, during, and after administration of vasopressin.
Figure C. Permeability of tissues to water before, during, and after administration of vasopressin.
-Using the data from the graphs and what you know about membranes and metabolic pathways, predict which of the following is the likely reason why actions of aquaporins in a membrane can change so rapidly.

• A) The number of aquaporins in the membrane is constant, but the pores have to be activated.
• B) Aquaporins are inserted into the membrane as needed.
• C) Aquaporins are only in cells that need to be permeable to water.
• D) Aquaporins use ATP to pump water across the membrane, and their action is limited by the metabolic pathways that produce ATP.

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Definitions:

Normal Distribution

A probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean.

Security Returns

The gains or losses on an investment over a specific period, including dividends, interest, and capital gains, usually expressed as a percentage.

Standard Deviation

A statistical measure that quantifies the variation or dispersion of a set of data points or investment returns.

Arithmetic Return

The simple average of a series of periodic returns of an investment.