In England, at a Time When Milk Was Still Delivered

question 37

Multiple Choice

In England, at a time when milk was still delivered to doorsteps each morning in foil-capped glass bottles, a songbird called the great tit started pecking through the caps and drinking the cream in the necks of the bottles. This behavior spread through the great tit population in a matter of years. The emergence and spread of this behavior probably depended on

• A) trial-and-error learning plus habituation.
• B) trial-and-error learning plus social learning.
• C) trial-and-error learning plus imprinting.
• D) habituation plus social learning.

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Definitions:

Variances

Statistical measures of the dispersion or spread in a set of data points, often used to assess the volatility of investment returns.

Perfectly Negatively Correlated

Refers to a relationship where one variable increases exactly as the other decreases, indicating a complete opposite movement between the two.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values, often used to quantify the risk of an investment.

Global-minimum Variance Portfolio

An investment portfolio that is constructed to have the lowest possible risk (variance) for a given rate of return.