Scientists Were Interested in Studying Differences in the Frequency of Foraging

question 11

Multiple Choice

Scientists were interested in studying differences in the frequency of foraging behaviors demonstrated in two species of flycatchers (birds) in California. They were specifically interested in determining if the overall distribution of foraging behaviors was associated with the stage of the breeding cycle of the two species. Here are some of the data collected:
The number of foraging behaviors observed by stage of the breeding cycle for Hammond's and Western flycatchers in northwestern California
$\begin{array}{c} \text { Stage of Breeding Cycle }\\\begin{array}{|l|} \hline \text {Bird Species}\\ \hline \text {Hammond's}\\ \text {Flycatcher}\\ \hline \\ \hline \\ \hline \text {Western}\\ \text {Flycatcher}\\ \hline \\ \hline \\ \hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|} \hline \text {Foraging Behavior}\\ \hline \\ \text {Flycatch}\\ \hline \text {Hover-glean}\\ \hline \text {Glean}\\ \hline \\ \text {Flycatch}\\ \hline \text {Hover-glean}\\ \hline \text {Glean}\\ \hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Pre-incubation} &\text { Incubation } &\text { Brooding } &\text {Post-Brooding }\\ \hline\\10&45&47&20\\ \hline32&93&90&87\\\hline0&2&3&0\\\hline\\17&38&80&53\\ \hline121&213&210&234 \\\hline4&4&1&4\\\hline \end{array}\end{array}$
Source: Noon, B. R., and Sakai, H. F. (1990) . Variation in the foraging behaviors of two flycatchers: associations with stage of the breeding cycle. Studies in Avian Biology, 13: 237-44.
-Which foraging behavior-species combination showed the greatest range of number of foraging behaviors?

• A) Hammond's-glean
• B) Hammond's-hover-glean
• C) Western-hover-glean
• D) Western-flycatch

---

Definitions:

Mentally Impaired

Refers to a condition affecting cognitive functioning, making it difficult for individuals to process information, learn, and engage in everyday activities.

Vulnerable Populations

Groups of individuals who are at greater risk of experiencing health disparities or harm due to socioeconomic, cultural, ethnic, demographic, or health characteristics.

Prisoners

Individuals who are held in confinement as a result of their conviction of criminal offenses.

Nuremberg Code

A set of research ethics principles for human experimentation created as a result of the Nuremberg trials at the end of the Second World War.