Myopia Can Be Corrected with Artificial Lenses or Surgery and Is

question 34

Multiple Choice

Myopia can be corrected with artificial lenses or surgery and is generally regarded as a benign disorder. However, as myopia is also associated with more severe conditions such as cataracts and glaucoma, a change in the prevalence of myopia (proportion of the population with myopia) may be a public health concern. The graph shows the change in the prevalence of myopia in three major ethnic groups in Singapore at three points in time.
Source: Adapted from Morgan, I.G., Ohno-Matsui, K., and Saw, S. M. (2012) . Myopia. Lancet, 379: 1739-1748.
-One hypothesis for the development of myopia is that children's eyes do not develop properly when the children are insufficiently exposed to sunlight. Compared to the past, what lifestyle changes should be observed if this hypothesis explains the change in myopia prevalence in Singapore as shown in the graph?

• A) Children are now spending more time reading indoors as educational expectations become more demanding.
• B) Children are now spending more time playing outside as air quality improves.
• C) Children are now spending equal amounts of time reading indoors and playing outside.

Recognize the effect of nervous system stimulation on muscle contraction and the concept of motor unit recruitment.

Comprehend the implications of certain diseases or conditions on muscular function.

Understand the role of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular junction dynamics.

Describe adaptations in skeletal muscle in response to different physical conditions or demands.

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Definitions:

Binge-Eating Disorder

A serious eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort.

High Calorie Foods

Foods that are dense in calories, often containing high levels of fat or sugar and contributing to weight gain if consumed excessively.

Guilty

The state of being responsible for committing a specified or implied offense or crime, legally or morally.

Anorexia Nervosa

A serious mental health disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to restricted food intake, very low body weight, a strong desire to be thin, and disturbed body image.