Why Is There a Bias Towards Positive Results in Scientific

question 27

Multiple Choice

Why is there a bias towards positive results in scientific publications?

• A) because only studies that yield positive results are accepted by scientific journals
• B) because studies that yield positive results are better designed than those that yield negative results
• C) because studies always yield positive results
• D) because studies that yield positive results are more likely to be submitted for publication than studies that yield negative results

Understand the role of early experiences in shaping attachment and social behaviors.

Recognize the universal features of attachment across different cultures.

Describe the developmental stages according to Freud and Erikson.

Relate specific behaviors and characteristics to corresponding psychoanalytic and psychosocial stages.

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Definitions:

Direct Manufacturing Cost

Expenses directly tied to the production of specific goods, including materials and labor.

Relevant Range

The range of activity within which the assumptions about fixed costs and variable unit costs are valid for purposes of budgeting and decision-making.

Direct Costs

Expenses that can be directly traced to the production of specific goods or services, such as raw materials and labor.

Period Costs

Expenses that are not directly associated with the production process and are expensed in the period they are incurred.