Home Pregnancy Test Kits Can Detect Whether a Woman Is

question 75

Multiple Choice

Home pregnancy test kits can detect whether a woman is pregnant within 1 to 3 weeks of her egg being fertilized. The test kits include a short strip of paper that extends from a plastic case. After a woman urinates on the strip of paper and waits 3 to 5 minutes, a symbol is displayed on a small window in the plastic case. Some tests show a single line to indicate the woman is not pregnant (negative result) and two lines to indicate she is pregnant (positive result) . Others show a minus or plus sign (or some other variation) to indicate negative and positive results.
The test reports a positive symbol if it detects the presence of HCG in the woman's urine. In order for HCG to be detected, it must be present in the urine at a concentration of at least 10 to 100 units per milliliter. Even though home pregnancy tests are well designed and have been tested extensively, false negative and false positive results do occur. A false positive occurs when a test tells a woman that she is pregnant when she really is not, and a false negative occurs when a test tells a woman that she is not pregnant when she really is. Most home pregnancy test kit manufacturers claim that their tests are over 99% accurate.
-If you were designing a home pregnancy test kit, which of the following statements would you include in the instructions in an attempt to minimize false positive results?

• A) If you are taking fertility drugs containing hormones, have your physician validate the results.
• B) Take the test, and 3 hours later check the results of the test.
• C) Wait at least a week after missing the start of your menstrual cycle to take the test.
• D) If you are taking fertility drugs containing androgens, have your physician validate the results.

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Definitions:

Risk-Free Rate

The interest rate at which an investor can lend money with no risk of default, often represented by the yield on government bonds.

APT

The Arbitrage Pricing Theory is a model that predicts asset returns based on the relationship between an asset's return and several macroeconomic factors.

CAPM

The Capital Asset Pricing Model, a model that describes the relationship between systemic risk and expected return for assets, particularly stocks.

Risk-Return Relationship

The principle that potential return increases with an increase in risk, describing the trade-off between the desire for the lowest possible risk and the highest possible return.