In 2011, Scientists Investigated Whether the Salts That Are Spread

question 16

Multiple Choice

In 2011, scientists investigated whether the salts that are spread on icy roads to melt the ice are diluted enough by spring rainfall so that they do not have negative effects on amphibian species that breed in nearby areas. They exposed clutches (groups of eggs) of salamanders to three test conditions with varying salt concentrations (road salts mixed with dechlorinated tap water) to simulate salt concentrations of small pools of water located near highways that are typically fed by rain-areas where salamanders often lay their eggs. After 9 days, the scientists placed the three groups in "normal" water and measured how much body mass the salamanders lost every 3 days for 9 days. They chose to measure change in mass because salamanders are able to take in water, which helps lower the chances of salamander embryos dying from freezing, disease, or predation. The table below provides partial results of this study.
$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{|l|} \hline\\ \\\\\text { Group }\\ \hline1\\ \hline2\\ \hline\end{array}\begin{array}{lll} \hline\\\text {Chloride}\\\text {Concentration in}\\\text {Test Conditions}\\\hline 145 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{L} \\\hline945 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{L}\\\hline\end{array}\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \text {Total \% Mass}\\\text{ Lost after 9 Days }\\\text{ of Exposure to}\\\text {Test Conditions}\\ \hline 20 \% \\ \hline35 \% \\ \hline\end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text {Total \% Mass}\\ \text {Regained after 9}\\ \text { Days in Normal}\\ \text { Water Conditions }\\ \hline15 \% \\ \hline 0 \% \\ \hline\end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text {Additional \%}\\ \text {Mass Lost after 9}\\ \text {Days in Nonmal}\\ \text {Water Conditions}\\\hline0 \% \\\hline10 \% \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-This study is considering the salamander clutches' ability to maintain the process of

• A) osmoregulation.
• B) thermoregulation.
• C) countercurrent heat exchange.
• D) diffusion.

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Definitions:

Compatible

Two events are compatible if they could both occur.

Coin Flipped

A metaphorical expression used to describe an event that has an equal probability of occurring in one of two ways.

Probability

A measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Heads

In the context of coin tosses, it refers to one of the two possible outcomes where the side of the coin showing the head is facing up.