Although Birds and Mammals Descended from Different Ancestors, They Both

question 33

Multiple Choice

Although birds and mammals descended from different ancestors, they both have a four-chambered heart. This is the result of

• A) the simplification of the cardiovascular system.
• B) the necessity for rapid movement of blood.
• C) convergent evolution.
• D) genetic aberrations that resulted from mistakes in somatic cell division.

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Definitions:

Phosphorylation

The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, a crucial process in biology that modulates the function of proteins and other molecules in cells.

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

A temporary increase in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, making it more likely to fire an action potential.

Depolarization

The reduction in the electrical charge difference across a cell's plasma membrane, leading to the initiation of an action potential.

Resting Potential

The electrical charge difference across the cell membrane while a neuron is at rest, typically around -70mV, enabling the potential for action potentials.