Physicians Routinely Give Their Patients Pulmonary Function Tests in Order

question 24

Multiple Choice

Physicians routinely give their patients pulmonary function tests in order to measure characteristics of lung function. The most common of these tests, spirometry, measures both the volume and the speed of air entering and exiting the lungs. In this test, a person first breathes normally while breathing into a spirometer, a machine that measures air volume and air speed. Then the person takes the deepest breath possible and exhales as hard as possible for 6 seconds into the spirometer. The resulting data are plotted on a graph of volume (y axis) versus time (x axis) . Spirometry is useful not only for assessing lung function in healthy patients but also for characterizing patients with lung conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, or emphysema.
A sample graph for a healthy adult male is shown below. Normal breathing occurs between points A and B, a maximal inhalation occurs at point C, and a maximal exhalation occurs at point D. Normal breathing resumes between points E and F.

-For this data set, what is the residual volume of the lungs?

• A) 500 mL
• B) 1,200 mL
• C) 2,300 mL
• D) 2,800 mL

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Definitions:

Compulsive Attitudes

Behaviors or thought patterns that are driven by an irresistible urge, often leading to actions that are excessive or unreasonable.

Neurotic Needs

are compulsive attachments to specific behaviors or thoughts that individuals believe are necessary for their survival or well-being, often leading to unhealthy patterns.

Self-Sufficiency

The ability to fulfill all of one's needs independently, without reliance on external resources.

Narrow Limits to Life

This term could reflect the concept that life has intrinsic restrictions and limitations, possibly due to biological, environmental, or existential factors.