Scientists Believe That a Shift from Pollination by Insects to Pollination

question 82

Multiple Choice

Scientists believe that a shift from pollination by insects to pollination by birds occurred several times over the course of angiosperm evolution. Two researchers designed an experiment to investigate how these shifts might evolve using two species of monkey flower (Mimulus spp.) . M. lewisii has violet-pink flowers and is pollinated by bumblebees. M. cardinalis has orange-red flowers and is pollinated by hummingbirds.
The researchers switched flower-color genes between the two species. As a result of the gene transfer, they produced a variation of M. cardinalis with dark pink flowers (instead of the original orange-red) and a variation of M. lewisiis with orange flowers (instead of the original violet-pink) . Plants of both genetically altered varieties were placed in their original habitats and observed. The genetically altered variety of M. cardinalis was visited by bumblebees 74 times more often than plants with the original color flowers. The genetically altered variety of M. lewisii was visited by hummingbirds 68 times more often than plants with the original color flowers.
-Based on the results of this study, you can conclude that

• A) petal color won't contribute to speciation, since pollinators will select familiar plant species regardless of petal color.
• B) gene mutations that affect petal color will also affect nectar production.
• C) gene mutations affecting petal color can contribute to speciation through a shift in pollinator species.
• D) flower color does not appear to be an important factor in the speciation of flowering angiosperms.

Recognize the goal of statistical process control in achieving and maintaining process control.

Understand the role and calculation of standard deviation in the establishment of control limits.

Recognize the significance of sample size in the context of control charts and statistical process control.

Identify the fundamentality of the Central Limit Theorem in statistical process control.

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Definitions:

Forests

Large areas covered predominantly with trees and undergrowth, playing crucial roles in the Earth's ecosystem and climate regulation.

Worldwide

Pertains to something that is present, considered, or affecting the entire globe or regions across the world.

Extraction Costs

The costs associated with removing raw materials from the earth or the environment.

TX Oil Company

Likely refers to any oil company based in Texas, a state renowned for its significant contributions to the United States' oil industry; without specific context, this description remains general.