Diabetes Mellitus Is a Metabolic Disease That Is Characterized by the Buildup

question 81

Multiple Choice

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by the buildup of glucose in the blood, or hyperglycemia. Diabetes results either from the pancreas not being able to produce the hormone insulin (type 1 diabetes) or if the body's cells become resistant to insulin (type 2 diabetes) . Insulin is a protein that binds to receptors on cell surfaces to allow glucose to enter the cell.
In order to manage the disease, type 1 diabetics require frequent insulin injections. Until the 1970s, insulin was obtained from processing the pancreases of large mammals such as cows and pigs; it was then purified for medicinal use. This all changed in the 1970s with the advent of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to insert genes from other species into bacterial plasmids and have bacteria produce proteins from these other species' genes. In 1978, the gene that codes for human insulin was added to a bacterial plasmid and bacteria were used to produce human insulin. These bacteria acted as mini-factories that produced human insulin for type 1 diabetes patients. Today, the production of human insulin from bacteria is commonplace and is a multibillion dollar market for pharmaceutical companies.
-In order for bacterial cells to be able to produce the human insulin protein, which of the following is not required?

• A) Bacteria and humans have to use the same genetic code.
• B) Bacterial RNA polymerases have to recognize human promoters.
• C) Bacterial ribosomes have to recognize human start and stop codons.
• D) Bacteria have to have a gene for a bacterial form of insulin.

Grasp the concept of relevant geographic market analysis in antitrust cases.

Identify statutory defenses and exceptions in antitrust violations.

Comprehend the scope and application of the Clayton Act and the Robinson-Patman Act.

Explain the role and implications of interlocking directorates under antitrust laws.

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Definitions:

Young Adulthood

A life stage marked by the transition from adolescence to adulthood, typically involving increased independence, identity exploration, and responsibility.

Temperament

an individual's innate predisposition to react to the environment in certain ways, which forms the basis of later personality.

Unassertive

Characterized by a lack of confidence and decisiveness in expressing one’s own desires, opinions, and needs.

Timid

Describes someone who is showing a lack of courage or confidence, easily frightened.