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Diabetes Mellitus Is a Metabolic Disease That Is Characterized by the Buildup

question 31

Multiple Choice

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by the buildup of glucose in the blood, or hyperglycemia. Diabetes results either from the pancreas not being able to produce the hormone insulin (type 1 diabetes) or if the body's cells become resistant to insulin (type 2 diabetes) . Insulin is a protein that binds to receptors on cell surfaces to allow glucose to enter the cell.
In order to manage the disease, type 1 diabetics require frequent insulin injections. Until the 1970s, insulin was obtained from processing the pancreases of large mammals such as cows and pigs; it was then purified for medicinal use. This all changed in the 1970s with the advent of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to insert genes from other species into bacterial plasmids and have bacteria produce proteins from these other species' genes. In 1978, the gene that codes for human insulin was added to a bacterial plasmid and bacteria were used to produce human insulin. These bacteria acted as mini-factories that produced human insulin for type 1 diabetes patients. Today, the production of human insulin from bacteria is commonplace and is a multibillion dollar market for pharmaceutical companies.
-Suppose that the human insulin protein that was produced by the bacteria was much shorter than it should be. Upon further investigation, it was found that the DNA of the human insulin gene had a mutation while in the bacterial cells. What type of mutation could not result in these observations?

Definitions:

Tympanic Membrane

The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, is a thin layer of tissue that separates the external ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.

Amber-Yellow

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Air Bubbles

Small pockets of air trapped within a liquid or solid material, often visible in fluids or when substances are mixed together.

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Small tubes inserted into the eardrum to allow air to enter the middle ear, used to treat recurrent ear infections or fluid buildup.