Before the Establishment of the Civil Service System in 1883

question 54

Multiple Choice

Before the establishment of the civil service system in 1883, what system of hiring was used to staff the federal bureaucracy?

• A) Bureaucrats were hired permanently and remained in office until they died.
• B) Congressional representatives rewarded their supporters with appointments.
• C) The Supreme Court oversaw the staffing of the federal bureaucracy.
• D) The president hired bureaucrats through the patronage system.
• E) After election victory, political parties rewarded their supporters with federal bureaucratic posts.

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Definitions:

Expected Value

The anticipated value or average outcome of a random variable, taking into account all possible outcomes weighted by their probabilities.

Probabilities

A measure expressing the likelihood of occurrence of a given event, typically defined on a scale from 0 to 1, where 0 means the event cannot occur and 1 indicates certainty.

Expected Value

A statistical concept that calculates the weighted average of all possible values for a random variable.

Probabilities

A numerical assessment ranging from 0 to 1 that quantifies how likely an event is to take place.