The Following Questions Refer to the Description Below

question 35

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the description below.
All animals with eyes or eyespots that have been studied so far share a gene in common. When mutated, the gene Pax-6 causes lack of eyes in fruit flies, tiny eyes in mice, and missing irises (and other eye parts) in humans. The sequence of Pax-6 in humans and mice is identical. There are so few sequence differences with fruit fly Pax-6 that the human/mouse version can cause eye formation in eyeless fruit flies, even though vertebrates and invertebrates last shared a common ancestor more than 500 million years ago.
-The appearance of Pax-6 in all animals with eyes can be explained in multiple ways. Based on the information, which explanation is most likely?

• A) Pax-6 in all of these animals is not homologous; it arose independently in many different animal phyla due to intense selective pressure favoring vision.
• B) The Pax-6 gene is really not "one" gene. It is many different genes that, over evolutionary time and due to convergence, have come to have a similar nucleotide sequence and function.
• C) The Pax-6 gene was an innovation of an ancestral animal of the early Cambrian period. Animals with eyes or eyespots are descendants of this ancestor.
• D) The perfectly designed Pax-6 gene appeared instantaneously in all animals created to have eyes or eyespots.

---

Definitions:

Per-unit Basis

A method of calculation or evaluation by considering individual units or items, allowing for analysis or comparison.

Activity Level

In cost accounting, the volume of output or production that impacts the cost of a specific activity.

Direct Materials

Raw materials that are directly traceable to the manufacturing of a specific product and constitute a significant part of the product’s cost.

Direct Labor

The wages and expenses directly associated with the manufacturing of goods or provision of services, including the work of employees on the production line.