The Difference Between Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Plant Viruses

question 21

Multiple Choice

The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that

• A) vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant.
• B) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from the upper leaves to the lower leaves of the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general level.
• C) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from trees and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of similar size.
• D) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type.
• E) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from a plant of one species to a plant of a different species, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of the same species.

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Definitions:

Pottery

The craft or profession of making objects from clay, which are then hardened by heat, widely used for cooking, storage, and decorative purposes throughout human history.

Sedentary Society

A society whose members settle in one place, establishing permanent homes and communities, as opposed to nomadic lifestyles.

Neolithic Transition

The period marking the shift from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural communities, leading to the development of settled life and the beginnings of civilization.

Biological Changes

Alterations or adaptations in living organisms over time, which can be due to environmental factors, genetic mutations, or evolutionary processes.